Paleoclimatic And Paleoecological Implications Of A Paleocene-eocene Fossil Leaf Assemblage, Chickaloon Formation, Alaska
Abstract
New collections of a leaf compression-impression paleoflora preserved in fluvio-lacustrine sediments of the upper Chickaloon Formation, south-central Alaska, United States, provide leaf physiognomic climate estimates for the early Eocene in southern Alaska and rare data on plant-insect interactions from a subarctic setting. Thirty-nine broadleaf angiosperm morphotypes occur in a parautochthonous assemblage along with Metasequoia shoots and trunks, compressions of a diverse suite of seeds, monocotyledonous aquatic plants, freshwater gastropods, and inclusion-bearing dispersed amber. Leaf-character derived mean annual temperature estimates (11-14.6 degrees C) are significantly warmer than Alaska at present and indicate warm temperate conditions at the time of deposition. Leaf-derived mean annual precipitation estimates of similar to 110-160 cm/annum are comparable to those from similar-age paleofloras in Arctic Canada and indicate wetter conditions than nearly coeval paleofloras further south in the North American mid-latitudes. Leaf herbivory is rare in the Chickaloon assemblage (similar to 9% of leaf fragments) as compared to other, lower latitude Eocene assemblages, but exhibits four of the main leaf-damage guilds (hole feeding, margin feeding, surface feeding, and skeletonization). These data provide a rare glimpse at a high-latitude terrestrial forested ecosystem during a global hothouse climate phase and thus have implications in understanding how biogeographic patterning and ecological systems respond to non-analog, warm high-latitude environmental conditions.
